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Tekno Ekonomi Pemanfaatan Biogas Berbasis POME untuk Pembangkit Listrik, Bahan Bakar Boiler, dan BioCNG

Irhan Febijanto - Novio Valentino

Pemanfaatan biogas untuk pembangkit, bahan bakar boiler, atau bahan bakar kendaraan harus mempertimbangkan kelayakan baik secara teknis maupun ekonomi.Makalah ini membahas kelayakan secara ekonomi dari pemanfaatan biogas untuk 3 skenario tersebut dengan diambil kasus khusus untuk diterapkan di salah satu pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS) di Provinsi Riau.Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan bahwa pemanfaatan biogas POME (palm oil mill effluent) untuk ketiga skenario tersebut layak untuk dilaksanakan.Indikator kelayakan finansial menunjukkan nilai NPV yang positif dan nilai IRR yang lebih tinggi daripada tingkat diskonto. Dari ketiga skenario tersebut, skenario pemanfaatan biogas menjadi listrik merupakan skenario yang paling layak untuk dilaksanakan berdasarkan nilai indikator kelayakannya, yaitu dengan nilai IRR 14,22%, NPV sebesar Rp 11.474.070.468 dan periode pengembalian proyek selama 9 tahun 2 bulan. Namun bila dilihat dari kebutuhan biaya investasi dan biaya operasionalnya, skenario pemanfaatan biogas untuk boiler lebih mudah diimplementasikan karena membutuhkan biaya yang lebih rendah, yaitu dengan biaya investasi sebesar Rp 20.267.641.460 dan biaya operasional per tahun sebesar Rp 898.517.546. Pemilihan scenario pemanfaatan biogas juga perlu mempertimbangkan kendala-kendala dari aspek teknis maupun aspek pemasaran produk. Pemanfaatan biogas untuk listrik memiliki hambatan untuk penjualan listrik ke PLN. Sementara itu, pemanfaatan biogas untuk bioCNG membutuhkan investasi converter kit untuk kendaraan dan harga bioCNG diperkirakan tidak dapat bersaing dengan harga BBG yang ada di pasaran.

http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jst.v18.n2.p73-81

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